our MENTORS

Vaidya D S Antarkar

Prof. S N Tripathi

Prof Dr Ashok Vaidya

Vaidya D. S. Antarkar

Vaidya Antarkar Memorial Volume

Late Vaidya D S Antarkar’s contributions in the field of research, education and clinical services in Ayurveda have left an indelible mark. Innumerable patients have benefited from his clinical skills and wisdom. Antarkarji’s unique practical teachings have given confidence to several students to initiate independent clinical practice. His inquisitive mind & in-depth thinking has led to the fruition of many successful research projects. Antarkarji enjoyed respect and support from several eminent scientist, educationist and clinicians due to his quite, cooperative and consistent efforts in handling any scientific, academic or clinical problem. The students and colleagues of Vaidya Antarkar have formed ‘Antarkar Memorial Forum’ to carry forward the mission of Vaidya Antarkar to propagate ‘scientific, rational and evidence based Ayurveda. 
  
First meeting of Antarkar Memorial forum was held on 21st Jan.2005 at Bhavan’s SPARC, Juhu, Mumbai. Many students, friends and colleagues of Vaidya Antarkar attended the meeting. Several suggestions came forward regarding activities of the forum. It was unanimously decided to bring out publication in the memory of Late Vaidya Antarkar. In fact Dr.Ashok Vaidya had always expressed the value of preserving the clinical notes of Vaidya Antarkar and a need of compiling his research contribution for the benefit of generations to follow. In this meeting some of the colleagues and students also shared their personal experiences they had with Vaidya Antarkar and felt the need to document his qualities as a person and a physician. All these views and suggestions helped to decide the structure of the publication. This publication has got three main sections. Section I deals with the articles based on Antarkarji’s clinical notes, section II is the compilation of important published research papers and section III is about write-ups on personal memories of Vaidya Antarkar.

Vaidya B.K.Padhyegurjar, Dr.Rama Vaidya, Dr.S.D.Kamat, Dr.P.S.Tathed, Dr.Narendra Bhatt and I made a joint appeal regarding this publication and could collect Rs.1lac.15 thousand through individual contributions. We also received about 45 articles which are part of this 500 pages publication.

The most challenging work was to collect and collate records of about Twenty thousand patients from Antarkarji’s private clinic. Vaidya Nilambari Rane, Vaidya Vibhavari Konkane and Vaidya Abhijit Redij were appointed for this work. All the three took keen interest to accomplish the task. Vaidya Abhijit Redij developed a software programme which enabled to transform data in paper format into electronic format. Further analysis and categorization of this data made it possible to write articles on Vaidya Antarkarj’s clinical notes, which is evident in section I of this publication. All these contributing authors deserve compliments for the same.

Section II compiles Twenty five selected scientific articles which were authored/ co-authored by Vaidya Antarkar. Antarkar Memorial Forum had organized couple of meetings to discuss about these scientific papers. The outcome is comments made by experts in the respective areas of research work. Underneath most of the scientific papers these comments are sited in a box.For section III we’ve received thirty three articles from friends, relatives and students .These are essentially personal write-ups about Antarkarji. Majority of these are in Marathi however few are also in Hindi and English. These write-ups truly reflect the high qualities of Antarkarji as a person, a physician and as a researcher. On behalf of the editorial board, deep sense of gratitude is expressed towards all these authors.

After having collected all the articles their compilation, section-wise categorization, retyping/ scanning of scientific articles , contacting the authors in case of technical errors and also communicating with printers and publishers could be ably done only through the assistance of Dr.Neelambari Rane, Dr.Kavita Redij & Shri. Raj Mishra. Dr. Jayashree Joshi and Dr. Ashok Amonkar deserve special thanks for their help in proof-reading the scientific articles.

On behalf of the editorial board of Antarkar Memorial Forum, special compliments are expressed towards Prof. Suresh Advani and Shri.Shankaran Kutti for their kind cooperation. Our thanks are due towards the publisher ‘Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan’ and Printer Shri Samir Parekh of creative page setters, Mumbai.

This work was possible only because of the strong support of Smt.Vaidya Kusum Antarkar, Vaidya B K Padhyegurjar, Dr.Rama Vaidya, Dr.S.D.Kamat, Dr. Prakash Tathed, Vaidya Ramesh Nanal, Dr.Sudhakar Powar, Dr.Vasundhara Natekar, Dr.Ashlesha Raut and so many others. The tremendous patience and constant support expressed by all the members of Antarkar memorial forum and also the well-wishers of this activity that we could sail through several difficult phases of storms .We are happy to present this publication of Antarkar Memorial forum especially to the next generation of Ayurveda
   
May 1, 2009                                                                                                                                                                         Dr.Ashwinikumar Raut  

Prof. S. N. Tripathi: 

An astute clinician, progressive researcher and a loving teacher
By Dr. Ashwinikumar Anand Raut

Prof. S. N. Tripathi a doyen of clinical Ayurveda, who had inherited the legacy of Ayurveda through family tradition and was open for the interface of Ayurveda with modern bio-medicine, was a boon for the fraternity of Ayurveda. His rather early demise was not only the loss to his family and students but was a loss to the progressive Ayurveda. In his long career as a teacher of about three decades several students got their post graduate and post doctoral training in Ayurveda. I was one of the fortunate ones to get post graduate qualification in Kayachikitsa at BHU under his guidance from 1984 to 1987.

Prof. Tripathi was the one who cultivated the integrative medicine thinking in me. Interestingly it was not just a theoretical discourse but he also demonstrated it practically. My post graduate training at BHU consolidated my commitment to Ayurveda and integrative medicine. My first exposure to clinical research in Ayurveda was under Prof Tripathi’s guidance and he taught me how to explore Ayurvedic therapeutics for the emerging new diseases. Behind the astute clinician, able administrator and committed researcher there was a hidden caring and protective teacher. I shall share here some of my personal experiences.  

Prof. Tripathi had maintained a tradition for his students to visit his residence in the wee hours of morning to have a discourse, discussion and dictation in the selected subject of dissertation for each student.  To my mind this kind of tradition was a genuine attempt to integrate ‘Gurukul culture’ with that of ‘University type training’. Final thesis submission would usually fall in early January and these visits to Sir’s residence would become a daily routine for those who had to submit their final thesis to the university. To reach Sir’s residence usually by 5.30 am in winter of Banaras was an experience in itself. However on reaching his residence he would always give a warm smiling welcome. Touching Guru’s feet every time has been a culture of Banaras and one needs to take it in right spirit and enjoy the blessings one gets in reciprocation from the Guru.  The first thing he would do is to turn the heater towards you to help you get warmed up and offer a cup of tea made by him. Once the student is comfortable then would start the discourse on the subject. This speaks of loving and caring nature of a teacher towards his students. 

Community care, community education and community service was also a part of Prof. Tripathi’s nature. He often used to take time from his busy schedule to give lectures on healthcare for the benefit of general community. I remember how he instructed and guided us to offer clinical care services with the free provision of medicines made during one Mahayagnya organized at the banks of the holy Ganga.

Prof. Tripathi had a very high reputation as an astute clinician in the society and medical fraternity alike. His outpatient department as well as inpatient departments always used to be overflowing. On one occasion when Prof. Tripathi was taking a grand round along-with all of us in his team  a patient’s relative came forward and touched his feet and started demanding that her patient should be examined by Dr. Raut. This was an extremely embarrassing situation for me being a junior registrar in the team! However sir without getting angered told me to go ahead to see the respective patient and in fact praised me for my dedication in patient care.  
Prof. Tripathi was Dean of the faculty of Ayurveda when I was clinical registrar for Kayachikitsa ward, S. S. Hospital, BHU. One day after completing my regular round while leaving the ward I saw a person of about 45 yrs old was smoking cigarette sitting on the female patient’s bed.  I could not tolerate the scene and scolded that person for his misbehavior. However instead of correcting his mistake the person started arguing with me and eventually ventured into physically attacking me. The word-boy then present swiftly came forward and protected me from his attack. When this incidence was reported to Prof. Tripathi he stood by my side. However he enquired “was that person a husband of the female patient?” The answer was yes! Sir gave me an important lesson that even if a man makes mistake one should never scold him in front of his wife or girl friend.There are many such anecdotes which taught me lessons helpful not only to my academic career but also useful in social life. It is indeed nice to see that Prof. S.N. Tripathi’s eldest son Dr. Yaminibhushan Tripathi has carried forward his academic and research legacy in Ayurveda whereas the youngest son Dr. Vachaspati Tripathi through  ‘Surya pharmaceuticals’ has continued his legacy of translating scientifically developed Ayurveda for the service of community. 

Prof. Dr Ashok Vaidya

A Festschrift for Dr Ashok B Vaidya

Pursuing Ayurvidya through Reverse Pharmacology and Integrative Ayurveda About two and a half decade back after having integrated post graduate training from BHU in Ayurveda and internal medicine I joined the path of ‘mission for Ayurvidya’ by choice to follow the role models Vaidya Antarkar and Dr Ashok Vaidya. Being a past student of RA Podar Ayurved Medical College I had much closer acquaintance with Vaidya Antarkarji then than Dr Ashok Vaidya to whom I had seen from a distance when he used to come in Podar for scientific collaborative projects. 

Golden Triangle Approach of integrating Ayurveda, Modern medicine and Modern sciences proposed in 2004 was preconceived and implemented at Bhavan’s SPARC almost two decades earlier with several experts from diverse disciplines under the guiding force of Dr Ashok Vaidya. My first interaction occurred with Dr.Vaidya in the form of an interview before my joining Bhavan’s SPARC in 1987. I was more often unjustly praised by many or ruthlessly criticized by few after going through my MD thesis on hypertension without questioning me on the specific contents of the thesis which I was concerned and apprehensive about. However during this interview the questions posed by Dr Vaidya were precisely pointing to the contents which I was apprehensive about.  These were related to the proposed interpretation of hypertension in Ayurveda, proposal of mutravirechaniya therapy as a curative approach to hypertension, and the question whether hypertensive patients had typical faces as I had also attached photographs of these patients along-with pre and post treatment ECG strips. Although all my concerns had not been resolved during this first interview; my courage of thinking afresh got strengthened due to the authoritative moral support I received from Dr Vaidya. 

My first presentation at SPARC was on ‘Essential Hypertension – Pathogenic Mechanisms and their reversal’ in SPARC-AIMD Seminar in July 1988. I was touched again by the gesture Dr Vaidya displayed during the process of preparation and the day of my presentation. One month prior to my presentation Dr Vaidya carried himself a big fat volume on Hypertension by Genest from his personal library for me to prepare the presentation. I voraciously went through the entire volume during this one month and I could give my seminar for almost three hours which gave me great sense of satisfaction. This seminar was dedicated to Kaviraj Gananath Sen (a pioneer in conducting first clinical trial of Rowalfia serpentina in hypertension) on apt suggestion made by Dr Vaidya. This was an excellent lesson I learnt about expressing reverence to the immediate past stalwarts of research in Ayurveda. On the day of this presentation it was raining heavily in Mumbai and many of my colleagues and seniors expressed telephonically their inability to attend the seminar. However on enquiring Dr Vaidya suggested that the seminar will take place and we had seminar on the same day as per the schedule. After three hours of good interactive seminar Dr Vaidya concluded the seminar and eventually I learnt he had suffered from heavy bouts of diarrhoea that morning and had come to attend and chair this seminar by having medicines just to maintain the commitment. What I imbibe from this incidence is the ‘commitment to the schedule of scientific program’.   

My initial appointment at SPARC was that of a research fellow and I was involved in the project ‘Yograj Guggulu in Rheumatoid Arthritis’ (RA). This was a unique phase II clinical study of 6months duration of refractory cases of RA. Phase I tolerability study of Yograj Guggulu had earlier been completed at Podar hospital by the same team of investigators Dr V R Joshi, Dr Anniruddha Joshi besides Dr Vaidya and Vaidya Antarkarji.  Most important outcomes of this study were effective dose range finding of Yograj Guggulu in Rheumatoid arthritis, its steroid sparing activity and its long-term usage safety. This study although never got formally published however gave rise to several other spinoff studies viz Profile of adverse drug reactions of guggulu formulations, study of acetylation status in patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis-relevance of Prakruti, and dietary survey of patients with arthritis. During all these studies the most important lesson I could learn from Dr Vaidya was that of ‘Meticulous observation to minute details’ needed during entire process of research, starting from protocol preparation, actual conducting the trial,  to reporting of the data. 

 Dr Vaidya after having retirement as a Medical Director of South East Asia from Ciba-Guiegy (Novonordisk) would be physically present throughout the day for entire week at Bhavan’s SPARC from early 90s onwards. This was predominantly the phase of consolidating conceptual framework, focusing the areas of work and nurturing of inter-institutional ties. Bhavan’s SPARC got affiliation to Mumbai University for MSc and PhD by research in applied biology and life sciences. The research laboratories got established and accredited, and more importantly got recognition by Government of India through Ministries of Health, Science & Technology, and commerce viz. ICMR, CSIR, CCRAS, DBT, CHEMEXIL, PHARMEXIL through scientific projects. During this phase we also had pharmaceutical industry sponsored end in sight research projects. However all through these developments the focus of the research had continued to remain on medicinal plants, Ayurvedic formulations and Ayurvedic fundamentals. Incidentally this was the period significant for me from professional recognition and personal establishments. I have had several opportunities of delivering talks to scientific, medical and general communities through invited talks/seminars/symposia/workshops/panel discussions etc. During most of my presentations and participations I had privilege of seeking advice and guidance from Dr Vaidya which always gave me a motivation to aspire for the excellence. More than couple of times Dr Vaidya deputed me on his behalf to deliver talks in scientific meetings which really plugged me in on the path of innovative research. In fact eventually I started believing in having a patronage from Dr Vaidya for thinking a loud. I continued to enjoy that euphoric state of mind for a long time.   

Dr Vaidya along with his colleagues from diverse disciplines besides Vaidya Antarkarji made major contributions of research on Ayurveda and its formulations viz. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s Disease, Arogyavardhini and Punarnavadi Kwath in Acute viral hepatitis, subsequently Arogyavardhini alone in Acute viral hepatitis, further Picroriza kurroa, (50% ingredient of Arogyavardhini) was also demonstrated to be hepatoprotective clinically as well as experimentally. Screening of 30 Ayurvedic plants/formulations for hypoglycaemic activity, Guggulu (Comiphora wightii) for arthritis, anti-inflammatory and anti pruritic activity of Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), Turmeric (Curcuma longa) in oral submucus fibrosis , Haridra Khanda in ideaopathic urticaria, Saraca indica for menorrhagia, Panchavalkal in vaginal infections, anti diarrhoeal activity of selected Ayurvedic plants, Parijat (Nyctanthus arbotristis) for malarial fever, and many others. Such an extensive involvement of Dr Vaidya in Ayurveda research with constant engagement for over 3 to 4 decades in clinical research and drug development eventually gave realization of a ‘novel approach  for drug development from traditional medicine’ which was termed as ‘Reverse Pharmacology’. Further Dr. Ashok Vaidya crystallized the definition and identified the main domains (Experiential-Exploratory-Experimental) of Reverse Pharmacology. 

Reverse Pharmacology as an approach on experiential foundation was explored for the project ‘Pre-clinical development of Herbal formulation for inflammatory arthropathy’, mentored by Dr Vaidya and sponsored by Dept. of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science & Technology, Govt. of India. This was a trans-disciplinary collaborative project of Bhavan’s SPARC, Dept of Physics of Saurashtra University and Dept of Pharmacology of SNDT University which was initiated in 2002 and concluded in 2005 with several scientific publications, PhD thesis for Pharmacology and MSc dissertation in Physics. I had a privilege of coordinating this project and sharing investigator-ship along with Prof Mihir Joshi, Dr Sushma Mengi and Dr Nancy Pandita. This was an excellent exposition for me in handling a multidisciplinary networking.

Reverse Pharmacology as a path of investigation and research was formally adopted at the same time in 2002 by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) through a NMITLI (New Millennium Indian Technology Leadership Initiative) program having Research on Ayurvedic herbal medicine as a major focus with a mandate of developing competitive Ayurvedic herbal products for global market. This program had identified about 25 top institutions across the nation involved in Ayurveda research in selected areas of Arthritis, Diabetes and Hepatitis. Dr Vaidya’s mentorship and guiding force has helped all these three projects demonstrate the cost effective and time efficient path of herbal drug development. 

Persuasion of Ayurvidya through Reverse Pharmacology may be illustrated by selected few examples viz. Study of Atmagupta (Mucuna prurience) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) was instigated in early 1970’s based on the information tallied from different decades such as PD as a dopamine deficiency syndrome got confirmed in late 1960’s and high L-dopa content of M pruriens was reported in early 1930’s. The awareness of use of M pruriens in Ayurvedic clinical practice gave Dr Vaidya an idea of exploring the said clinical study with Ayurvedic clinician Vd Antarkarji and a clinical neurologist Dr N H Wadia. This was probably the first study to demonstrate besides clinical efficacy, a correlation of activity and plasma levels of L-dopa in patients of PD post oral Mucuna pruriens. Subsequently several experimental and clinical studies were undertaken by others which have demonstrated better activity of M pruriens than L-dopa & carbidopa combination and also activity of Mucuna in PD beyond Dopa-free extracts. Interestingly Atmagupta became a monotherapy of choice for PD with many Ayurveda experts’ prescriptions. 

Arogyavardhini which is classically indicated for skin disorders was studied in viral hepatitis based on its clinical usage practice prevalent in western India. The first of its kind of double blind placebo controlled study for a classical Ayurvedic formulation was conducted in late 1970’s with  Vd Antarkarji as an Ayurveda expert and Dr Jayant Doshi as an expert gastroenterologist. This study demonstrated reduction in disease duration and early recovery of symptoms. Subsequent studies with Picroriza kurroa, picrosites and picroliv for their hepatoprotective activity convinced beyond doubt the scientific fraternity about the precise activity of Ayurvedic formulations/plants in liver disorders. Ayurvedic hepatoprotective products are generally accepted as a main hold for the management of liver disorders. 

The study of Yograj Guggulu in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) was based on experience of its usage in RA derived from the registry of Podar Ayurveda hospital. Interestingly, prior to undertaking study in RA Yograj Guggulu was also studied in healthy volunteers for investigating tolerability with higher doses. This important study revealed effective dose range of Yograj Guggulu in RA when used as a mono therapy, its steroid sparing activity and also long term usage safety. Guggulu (Commiphora wightii) in our further studies has also demonstrated its activity of down regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Anti cytokine therapies are the mainstay of RA management in conventional modern line of treatment.

Ashoka (Saraka indica) has been mentioned in Ayurvedic classics for diverse medical indications especially for menorrhagia/ Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Many Ayurvedic formulations of S indica are available in the market. However a well organized and a planned clinical study of ‘Ashotone (a proprietary formulation with S indica as a main ingredient) in menorrhagia’ gave very interesting findings. The study was undertaken by an expert reproductive endocrinologist Dr Rama Vaidya & her team who could identify a subset of menorrhagia which was more responsive to the treatment of S indica such as ovulatory menorrhagia. 

Haridra (Curcuma longa) has been extensively investigated from diverse view points of investigations globally. Dr Sumati Bhide a basic scientist in cancer research demonstrated the efficacy of turmeric product in oral sub mucus fibrosis. Subsequently our team of scientists have continued to work on this important plant under the guidance of Dr Vaidya. Dr Jayashree Joshi an expert in Gynaecological research and her colleagues undertook human pharmacology studies of Turmeric oil and further undertook clinical and experimental studies in cervical precancerous conditions. Dr Ashok Amonkar an expert medicinal chemist developed a new compound ‘Curcumin-Venedium’ which has a great potential application in diabetes mellitus. Dr Vidita Vaidya a neuroscientist has demonstrated activity of Turmeric in preventing hypocampal neuronal degenerations which would have a significant application in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Our team continue to work on this commonly used household remedy of Indian diet and culture.

In CSIR-NMITLI arthritis project I had a privilege of being one of the principal investigators. Amongst the shortlisted Ayurvedic plants for investigation in degenerative joint disease-osteoarthritis (OA), Bhallatak (Semecarpus anacardium) was one of the unanimous choices. However due to its inherent toxic nature it was challenging to investigate and hence the responsibility was put on me due to my Ayurvedic background to investigate Bhallatak-based classical Ayurvedic formulation. AmrutBhallatak a formulation of Semecarpus anacardium and Tinospora cordifolia has demonstrated prevention of cartilage degradation in patients of osteoarthritis of knee besides its usefulness in reducing OA pain, stiffness and functional disability. Interestingly this so called toxic plant product of Bhallatak was better adhered to than Glucosamine a popular over the counter natural product when compared over six months. 

In CSIR-NMITLI diabetes project from shortlisted six plants Mamejava (Enicostema littorae) a plant popularly used in western India in community practice for type 2 diabetes mellitus was extensively and ideally investigated on Reverse Pharmacology path under the direct supervision of Dr Vaidya. Most significant finding of this study was its activity at the level of DNA protection, prevention of diabetes complications demonstrated through diverse experimental models besides clinical efficacy in reducing glycemic and lipemic index. Drug interaction studies of ‘Neesha-Amalaki’ and ‘Metphormin’ was an eye opener. 

Parijat (Nyctanthus arbortristis) a plant well described in Hindu mythology and also described in Ayurvedic classics of medieval literature & clinical practice traditions has been taken up by our institution as a major research project in collaboration with Dr Akhil Vaidya’s lab at Drexel University, USA. Dr.Chhaya Godse’s PhD work has demonstrated activity of N.arbortristis to be effective in malaria of Plasmodium vivax & Plasmodium falciparum in different experimental as well as clinical models. Its anti-inlfammatory, anti malarial and spleen regressing activity has a unique potential to become a global drug for malaria. Further work on isolation of phytoactive constituents from Parijat is continued.

These are some of the important Ayurvedic formulations I have personally witnessed being investigated on the principles of Reverse Pharmacology and have revealed new knowledge which is practically useful for its clinical applications. Besides this more than hundreds of Ayurvedic plants/formulations have been demonstrated to be useful through modern methods of investigations by different scientific institutions and investigators working in this field. All these efforts have helped Ayurveda being accepted as an organized scientific healthcare system by global community. 

However Ayurveda is not merely about pharmacotherapeutics; the perspectives of holistic management through drug-diet-deeds, domain of preventive medicine, aspects of clinical diagnostics & prognostics, promotion of positive health and rejuvenative-reparative medicine are founded on Ayurvedic fundamental principles and axioms. To comprehend all these components of this live tradition and to make them acceptable and applicable for current global healthcare management an ‘integrative Ayurveda’ approach is desirable. We define integrative Ayurveda as ‘An active and open-ended interface of Ayurveda with advancing modern sciences especially biomedical sciences to continuously facilitate the incorporation of emerging new knowledge into mainstream Ayurveda, while maintaining fidelity to Ayurveda fundamental principles’.

The ethos of Integrative Ayurveda is to interpret and understand anything and everything related to human health in terms of basic concepts of Ayurveda. In integrative Ayurveda, the foundational platform is Ayurveda, with bridges to all spheres of advancing knowledge, be they biomedical, technological or metaphysical. The expertise desired here is that of ‘Vaidya Scientist’ who comprehends both shastra and science. The goal is to grasp the ‘Nature of Man’ and his full potential, with R and D activities revolving around understanding the synergy between systems biology and systems Ayurveda. The path of integrative Ayurveda leads to harmony with nature in a symbiotic mode, eventually helping to maintain health and prevent occurrence of diseases. 

The second half of 1st decade of 21st century was really challenging to our entire group which works under the leadership of Dr Vaidya. Our earlier research centre was unceremoniously closed down when we had several important research projects in our hands. I sincerely believe that we could sail through this difficult phase only because of Dr Vaidya’s yogic mind set, extraordinary optimism and strong conviction of being on the side of ‘Dharma’. Now we have at MRC-KHS an ICMR’s advanced centre of ‘Reverse Pharmacology’ and an AYUSH centre of excellence in ‘Integrative Ayurveda’ both being supported by Ministry of health, Govt of India.   Ayurveda is a treasure of healthcare knowledge whereas ‘Ayurvidya’ is a pursuit of knowledge to enrich this treasure. Dr Ashok Vaidya has given us the ‘Sadhan’ of Reverse Pharmacology and Integrative Ayurveda to aspire the ‘Sadhya’ of Ayurvidya. I feel blessed to be a ‘Sadhak’ on this journey for the pursuit of knowledge which has no origin neither end; it has to be continued from generations to generations
.                                                                                                                                                                                   Dr Ashwinikumar A Raut